Evaluation of Reference Evapotranspiration Models in Coastal Mediterranean and Mountainous Regions of Libya
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Reference Evapotranspiration, FAO Penman-Monteith, FAO Radiation, FAO Blaney-Criddle, Kharrufa
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the performance of nine reference evapotranspiration (ET0) models against the standard FAO Penman-Monteith model and identify suitable alternative models to FAO Penman-Monteith at mountainous and coastal regions of Libya. The Shahat and Nalut sites represent mountainous regions, and the Benghazi, Sirt, and Tripoli sites represent the coastal region of Libya. The models tested against the standard FAO Penman-Monteith model were the FAO Radiation, FAO Blaney Criddle, Hargreaves-Samani, Priestley-Taylor, Makkink, Turc, Thornthwaite, Kharrufa, and Khosla. The results illustrate that the FAO Radiation model overestimated standard ETo values. In contrast, the models of Hargreaves-Samani, Makkink, Turc, and Thornthwaite underestimated standard ETo values. However, models of FAO Blaney-Criddle, Priestley-Taylor, and Kharrufa overestimated standard ETo values in some months and underestimated standard ETo values in other months. The statistical criteria used are index of agreement, modeling efficiency, root mean square error, mean bias error, % mean bias error, coefficient of determination, and t-test. Statistical results reveal that the FAO Blaney-Criddle model had superior performance among the other models. The FAO Blaney-Criddle model ranked the first in mountainous and coastal regions except in the Tripoli site. Thornthwaite and Khosla models performed poorly in all study sites. All other models performed irregularly differently. T-test analysis at the 5% level of significance indicated that there are significant differences between the standard FAO Penman-Monteith and all models in both regions, except the FAO Blaney-Criddle and Kharrufa models in the Shahat and Nalut sites, the Priestley-Taylor model in the Sirt site, and the FAO Radiation model in the Tripoli site.
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