High Prevalence of Hypomagnesemia and Hypocalcemia in Ajdabiya, Libya: Implications for Electrolyte Homeostasis
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Age-Related Prevalence, Calcium Deficiency, Electrolyte Imbalances, Magnesium Deficiency, Serum Analysis
Abstract
Electrolyte homeostasis is essential for maintaining vital physiological functions, including neuromuscular activity, cardiovascular stability, and metabolic regulation. Among the key electrolytes, magnesium (Mg²⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) play critical roles in numerous biochemical and cellular processes. However, data on their abnormalities in eastern Libya remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate serum magnesium (Mg²⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) levels and to determine the prevalence of their abnormalities within the context of electrolyte balance in individuals from Ajdabiya, Libya. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Masarra Medical Analysis Laboratory between 2024 and 2025. A total of 100 serum samples were analyzed for major electrolytes, including sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), chloride (Cl⁻), calcium (Ca²⁺), and magnesium (Mg²⁺). Electrolyte levels were measured using ion-selective electrode (ISE) analysis and spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻) levels were predominantly within normal ranges. In contrast, abnormalities in magnesium (Mg²⁺) and calcium (Ca²⁺) were more prevalent. Hypomagnesemia was the most common electrolyte disturbance (41.9%), followed by hypocalcemia (17.9%). Increased susceptibility was observed in younger (<15 years) and older (≥55 years) age groups, with no statistically significant differences between genders (p > 0.05). Magnesium (Mg²⁺) deficiency represents a significant and underrecognized health concern in this population, with potential implications for electrolyte homeostasis and overall health. These findings highlight the importance of routine monitoring of magnesium and calcium levels and underscore the need for further research into underlying dietary and environmental factors.
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