A Survey of the Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa in Sebha City, Libya
Article Sidebar
-
Sebha, Prevalence, Intestinal Protozoa
Abstract
The study was conducted on the prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites in Sebha city, Libya. A collection of 1,526 stool samples was undertaken from January to December 2014. All samples were examined in the Sebha Central Laboratory. The objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of intestinal protozoan in Sebha City. The chi-square test was used to measure the statistically significant differences at level p<0.05. The results of the study showed that 14.8% of the examined samples were infected with different species of protozoan parasites. Blastocystis hominis was the most common parasite detected in this study, with a 9.8% of infection rate, followed by Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (3.1%), and then Giardia lamblia (1.5%), Entamoeba coli (0.3%), Trichomonas hominis (0.13%), and finally Entamoeba hartmani (0.07%). The prevalence of infection in females (15.8%) was insignificantly (p=0.357) higher than in males (13.9%). The highest prevalence (19.5%) was found in the group aged between 10 to 19 years, with a significant relationship between the intestinal protozoan infection and ages (p=0.004). The results revealed that the highest rate of infection was in February (21.9%), followed by 21.1% in January, with no significant differences in the prevalence of infection between the different months (p=0.706).
Full text article
References
[1]-Abdel-Magied A. and Elahwel A. (2006). Factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among school children in Sirt, Libya. Benha Med J. 23: 821-832.
[2]-Aguiar J; Gonçalves A; Sodré FC; Pereira-Sdos R; Bóia M; de Lemos E; et al. (2007). Intestinal protozoa and helminths among Terena Indians in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul: high prevalence of Blastocystis hominis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 40(6): 631-634.
[3]-Akhter J, Markley Burdette J, Hussain Q. (1994). Aetiology of gastroenteritis at a major referral centre in Saudi Arabia.J Inter Med Res; 22: 47-54.
[4]-Al-Harthi S. and Jamjoom M. (2007). Diagnosis and differentiation of Entamoebainfection in Makkah Al Mukarramah using microscopy and stool antigen detection kits. World J Med Sci. 2: 15-20.
[5]-Ali M; Ghenghesh K; Ben Aissa R; Abuhelfaia A; Dufani M. (2005). Etiology of childhood diarrhea in Zliten-Libya. Saudi Med J. 2005; 26: 1759-1765.
[6]-AlKilani M; Dahesh S; El Taweel H. (2008). Intestinal parasitosis in Nalout popularity, western Libya. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 38: 255-264.
[7]-Alsirieti S; Elahwel A; and Elamari A. (2006). Intestinal Protozoa in Libyan patients in Sirt. Jamahiriya Med J. 6: 59-61.
[8]-Ben-Musa N. (2007). Intestinal parasites in school aged children and the first case report on amebiasis in urinary bladder in Tripoli, Libya. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 37: 775-784.
[9]-Ben-Musa N. and Ibrahim R.(2007). Long term formalin preserved stool specimens for detection of intestinal parasites from school aged children in Tripoli, Libya. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 37: 1049-1054.
[10]-Ben-Musa N; Sehari A; Hawas A. (2007). Intestinal parasitic infections among school children in Tripoli, Libya. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 37: 1011-1016.
[11]-Ben-Rashed M; Abulhassan M; Tabit A; Hawas A. (2006). Demographic features of intestinal parasitic infection among Libyan children. Jamahiriya Med J. 6: 138-140.
[12]-Bethony J; Brooker S; Albanico M; Geiger S; Loukas A; Diemert D; Hotez P. (2006). Soil‐transmitted helminth infections; Ascaris, Trichuriasis and hookworm. Lancet367, 1521.
[13]-Dar F; Elkhouly S; EL-Boulaqi H; Munir R; and EI-Maghrebi S. (1979). Intestinal Parasites in Benghazi School Children. Garyounis Med J. 2(1) : 3-7.
[14]-EI-Ammari N. and Nair G. (2003). Occurrence and prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites in male and female Libyan nationals residing in Benghazi, Libya. Rev Ibe ́rica Parasitol. 63: 47-54.
[15]-El-Ammari N. and Nair G. (2015). Critical evaluation of the intestinal Protozoan parasites among Libyan and other African residents of Al-Khoms, Libya. J Entomol Zool Stud. 3: 42-46.
[16]-El-Ammari N; Nair G; Kassem H. (2004). Intestinal protozoan and helminth parasites among Libyans, non-Libyan Arabs and non-Arabs living in Benghazi, Libya.Jordan J Appl Sci. 6: 72-81.
[17]-EL-Boulaqi H; Dar F; and Medini M. (1980). Prevalence Intestinal Parasites in Primary School Children in Benghazi city. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 10 (1): 77-82.
[18]-EL-Buni A. and Khan A. (1998). Intestinal Protozoan Infections in Benghazi. Sebha Med J. 1(2): 106-108.
[19]-Elsaid M; Shaktur A; Elsaid S; EL-Alem M; Traish K; Kahbar F. (2014). Prevalence of intestinal protozoa in primary schools in Zawia City, Libya. Nat Sci. 12: 67-71.
[20]-ESalem R. M.; Gahgah S. A.; Ali A. S.; Al-Shrief S. A. (2017). Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Entamoeba histolytica Infection among Children in Sebha, Libya. Dentistry and Medical Research, 5:48-51.
[21]-Farag H. (1985). Intestinal parasitosis in the population of the Yemen Arab Republic. Trop Geog Med.37: 29-31.
[22]-Fletcher S; Stark D; Harkness J; Ellis J. (2012). Enteric protozoa in the developed world: a public health perspective. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 25: 420–449.
[23]-Gelaw A; Anagaw B; Nigussie B; Silesh B; Yirga A; Alem M; Endris M. and Gelaw B. (2013). Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and risk factors among schoolchildren at the University of Gondar Community School, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health13:304.
[24]-Ibrahim H. M. S., Salem A. H. A. (2017). Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among people in Sebha city, Libya. Second International Conference of Basic Sciences & Their Applications. Al-Bayda, Libya. 25-27 April, 2017.
[25]-Jeffrey H. and Leach R. (1991). Atlas of Medical Helminthology and Protozology. third edn.
[26]-Kasssem H; Zaed H; and Sadaga G. (2007). Intestinal parasitic infection among children and neonatus admitted to Ibn-Sina Hospital, Sirt, Libya. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 37: 371-380.
[27]-Kubti Y; Ali M; Khan A; Daw A. (2011). Prevalence of intestinalparasites among food handlers in Benghazi, Libya. Sebha Med J. 10: 22-24.
[28]-Markell E; John D; Krotoski W.(1999). Medical Parasitology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, USA.
[29]-Masucci L; Graffeo R; Bani S; Bugli F; Boccia S; Nicolotti N; Fiori B; Fadda G; Spanu T. (2011). Intestinal parasites isolated in a large teaching hospital, Italy, 1 May 2006 to 31 December 2008. Euro Surveill. 16(24).
[30]-Mehraj V; Hatcher J; Akhtar S; Rafique G; Beg MA. (2008). Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among children in an urban slum of Karachi,. PLoS ONE 3: e3680. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003680.
[31]-Mergani M; Mohammed M; Khan N; Bano M; Khan A. (2014). Detection of intestinal protozoa by using different methods. Dent Med Res. 2: 28-32.
[32]-Muhsen K; Levine M. (2012). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between Giardia lambliaand endemic pediatric diarrhea in developing countries. Clin Infect Dis. 55(Suppl 4): S271-293.
[33]-Ngui R; Ishak S; Chuen C; Mahmud R; Lim Y. (2011). Prevalence andRisk Factors of Intestinal Parasitism in Rural and Remote West Malaysia. PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. 5(3): 974.
[34]-Niyyati M; Rezaeian M; zahabion F; Hajarzadeh R; Kia E. (2009). A survey on intestinal parasitic infections in patients referred to a hospital in Tehran. Pakistan J Med Sci. 25(1): 90-97.
[35]-Nowara E. and Nair G. (2005). Intestinal protozoan parasites among Libyan, non-Libyan African and non-African residents of Benghazi, Libya. Rev Ibe ́rica Parasitol. 65: 15-20.
[36]-Okyay P; Ertug S; Gultekin B; Onen O; BeserE.(2004). Intestinal parasites prevalence and related factors in school children, a western city sample. Turkey BMC Pub Heal. 22: 4-64. Rahouma A; Klena J; Krema Z; Abobker A; Treesh K; Franka E; et al. (2011). Enteric pathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in Tripoli-Libya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 84: 886-891.
[37]-Saad G; Khan A; Ajaili A; Abdulsalam A; Al-Shebani M; Kubti Y. (2009). A study of prevalence of human intestinal parasites in Wadi Al-Shati region. Sebha Med J. 8: 51-58.
[38]-Sadaga G. and Kassem H.(2007). Prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary schoolchildren in Derna District, Libya. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 37: 205-214.
[39]-Sah R; Paudel I; Baral R; Poudel P; Jha N. and Pokharel P. (2013). A study of prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections and associated risk factors among the school children of Itahari, Eastern region of Nepal. J Chitwan Med Col. 3(3): 32-36.
[40]-Shlim D; Hoge C; Rajah R; Rabold J; Echeverria P (1995). Is Blastocystis hominisa cause of diarrhea in travelers? A prospectivecontrolled study in Nepal. Clin Infect Dis; 21(1):97–101.
[41]-Tan K.S. (2008). New insights on classification, identification, and clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp. Clin Microbiol Rev. 21 (4): 639-65.
[42]-World Health Report (2000). Conquering Suffering Enriching Humanity. Geneva.
[43]-Ximenez C; Mora ́n P; Rojas L; Valadez A; Go ́mez A. (2009). Reassessment of the epidemiology of amebiasis: state of the art. Infect Genet Evol. 9: 1023-1032.
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In a brief statement, the rights relate to the publication and distribution of research published in the journal of the University of Sebha where authors who have published their articles in the journal of the university of Sebha should how they can use or distribute their articles. They reserve all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights:
- Copyright and other property rights related to the article, such as patent rights.
- Research published in the journal of the University of Sebha and used in its future works, including lectures and books, the right to reproduce articles for their own purposes, and the right to self-archive their articles.
- The right to enter a separate article, or for a non-exclusive distribution of their article with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in the journal of Sebha University.
Privacy Statement The names and e-mail addresses entered on the Sabha University Journal site will be used for the aforementioned purposes only and for which they were used.